The Chronicles

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Major historical events of European Medieval period, 1350-1650

Chronicle, 1350 - 1450 years
In this section you can read a short list of major European historical events of the first era of the game "Reign: Conflict of Nations ", from 1350 to 1450.{source: The Official website of the game}

1356 - Battle of Poitiers
September 19 happened one of the greatest battles of the period of the Hundred Years War. It was attended on the one hand the French troops under the command of King John II the Good, and the other - British troops under the command of Edward the Black Prince. Despite the overwhelming numerical superiority of the French, the British won a decisive victory, and the French king was taken prisoner.

1361 - The ascent of Tamerlane
In 1361 Timur conqueror came from the authority of the Mongol Khan and moved to the side of his enemies. He led a life of adventure and during one of the skirmishes had lost two fingers of his right hand and was severely wounded in his right leg. Because of the effects of the injury he suffered all his life, which many attributed his unusual, even for those times cruelty. Lameness gave him the nickname "lame Timur - Timur-e Lang - later became a adaus" Tamerlane ".

1378 - The Great Schism
In 1377 the last time the Pope Avignon captivity, Gregory XI, decided to return from Avignon to Rome. But shortly afterwards he died, and then in the Roman Catholic Church schism: the Pope's first elections were held under the pressure of the Roman crowd, and were declared invalid. Elected pope was excommunicated from the church, and soon the election of the new Pope. However Urbant VI, was elected first, continued to serve as the Pope of Rome, and the second elected Clement VII went back to Avignon. Following the split of the church there was a split among European countries. The final point in this story was set only in 1417, with the beginning of the reign of Pope Martin V.

1380 - The emergence of Kalmar union
In the XIV century the Scandinavian countries have experienced great difficulties associated with the monopolization of trade in the Baltic German free cities and the Hanseatic League.This was opposed by the union of Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the union, which is under the supreme authority of the Danish kings.In this country to sacrifice its sovereignty, but formally remain independent. The first in 1380 and joined the union entered into under the authority of Queen Margaret of Denmark and economically dependent on her, Norway.

1381 - Peasant revolt in England
In 1381 there was an uprising, which became the largest in the history of medieval England. During his rebels managed to seize the Canterbury and London, and then taken the Tower. King Richard II was forced to negotiate and even promised to fulfill the many demands of the rebels, among whom were the abolition of serfdom and the equalization of the rights of all classes. However, during the second meeting of the followers of King killed the head of the rebel Wat Tyler, after which the uprising was crushed.

1389 - Battle of Kosovo
In 1389 there was one of the biggest battles of Christians and the Ottoman Empire. July 28 the army of Serbian Prince Lazar, numbering 80 000 people fought with Murad's army, numbering about 300 000 people. During the battle both leaders were killed, and the Serbian army was defeated. But, despite this, Serbia formally retain the independence, while paying tribute to and undertook to supply the Turkish port of auxiliary troops.

1392 - The fit of madness by Charles VI
In August 1392, King Charles VI of France for the first time experienced an attack of madness. In the future king of the disease led to a protracted civil war, which ended with the collapse of France as a state. Part of its territory was seized by the British, and part was under the control of the royal princes, who were de facto independent rulers. Receivers King had to start everything from scratch - to expel the British, to curb the princes and restore basic state mechanisms.

1393 - allowed to play chess
Since the penetration in Europe, playing chess cause permanent dissatisfaction with the Church.In 1161 Roman Catholic Cardinal Damiani issued a decree banning the game of chess among the clergy. Subsequently, similar bans have been published figures of the church, but also the secular rulers - English King Edward IV, French, Louis IX, and the Polish monarch Casimir IV. However, many continued secretly to play chess, and in 1393 the ban was finally lifted on Regenburgskom cathedral.

1396 - Nikopol crusade
In 1396 took place the last major crusade of the Middle Ages. A large army of crusaders was concentrated under the leadership of the Hungarian King Sigismund, Count John Neverskogo and others. However, the Crusaders suffered a severe defeat by the Turks at the Battle of Nikopol, which forced them to abandon their future plans.

1408 - Revival of the Order of the Dragon
December 13, 1408, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund I of Luxembourg revives the pre-existing Order of the Dragon. In the Order were the best of the knights, and its objectives were the problem of the Cross against the Turks. Hallmark of the Order were medallions depicting a dragon curled up in the ring.

1410 - Battle of Grunwald
15 July 1410 the army of the Teutonic Order entered into battle with the army of the united kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The battle ended with the defeat Teutonic forces, have undermined the influence of the Order, which further led to its disintegration.

1415 - Execution of Jan Hus
In 1415 Jan Hus, who was by then a prominent reformist, arrived in Constanta on the cathedral. His aim was to unite the split of the Roman Catholic Church.Despite the fact that the Holy Roman Emperor promised his personal safety, Jan Hus was accused of heresy and captured. July 6, 1415, he was burned in Konstanz, together with all his works. His death was the cause of prolonged Hussite wars, which led his followers against the Habsburgs and their allies.

1415 - Battle of Agincourt
October 25, 1415 British and French troops fought a battle of Agincourt. Despite the considerable numerical superiority of the French they suffered a heavy defeat by the British. This development was made possible by the extensive use of the English archers, armed with long bows: they accounted for up to 4 / 5 of the British troops.

1429 - The appearance of Joan of Arc
In the late 20-ies of the XV century France was in a very difficult situation. Most of its territory was occupied by British troops, and it seemed that soon the whole country would come under the power of England. However, the appearance of Joan of Arc was able to save the situation - troops under her command lifted the siege seemed doomed Orleans, and then conducted a successful operation to liberate the Loire. That Jeanne became the initiator of the coronation of Charles VII, an event that much to rally the nation. The succession of success was interrupted by the capture of Joan, by the British 29May 1430.

1431 - The burning of Joan of Arc
May 30, 1431 execution of French national heroine Joan of Arc. At the trial, which was arranged by the British, she was accused of heresy, apostasy and idolatry, for which she was sentenced to death. Subsequently, all charges against her were dropped, and in 1920 she was canonized as a saint.

1436 - The collapse of Moldova
The death of the Ruler of Moldavia old Alexander I, that occurred in 1432, led to a civil war within the country. Despite the fact that the throne once occupied one of the sons of the Ruler, Ilya, already in 1433 his brother, Stephen began to challenge the right to rule. After a long war Moldova was divided into two states - Upper and Lower country, each of which rules one of the brothers. But the weak Moldovan Lords could not save their land from Turkish invaders.

1438 - The new Holy Roman Emperor
March 18, 1438, Albert II was elected king of Germany by the German Princes. Thus, he became the first Habsburg, who united under his hand the throne of Austria, Czech , Hungary and Germany. From this year until the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, her throne permanently (except for a brief period from 1742 to 1745 gg.) Held the Habsburgs.

1439 - Association of Catholic and Orthodox Churches
In 1439, during the Ferrara-Florence Cathedral, signed an agreement to merge - union - between the Orthodox and Catholic churches. Under the contract, the Orthodox have saved all their ceremonies, but the head of the church became the Pope. However, already in 1448 the Russian church officially breaks communion with the Catholic through the decision to autocephaly (completely independent of the church), headed by the patriarch, not the Pope.

1445 - The invention of printing
In 1445 a German craftsman Johannes Gutenberg began to produce metal typesetting a font that is used for printing.In the future, his invention spread around the world and led to the emergence of printing in the modern sense.

Next Update:1450-1550