Well, wandering over to Il-2 Compare, the P-38L Late shows a best turn time of ~25 seconds (with flaps), while the Mosquito FB MkVI can only manage 31 seconds (no improvement with flaps). The P-38 has a 20-30km/h speed advantage up to 4km, at which point its advantage increases rapidly, and it climbs better throughout hte entire flight regime.
Basically, the Mosquito has excellent performance for a medium bomber, but the P-38 is a purpose built fighter.
On the P-38 in Europe, to my understanding the P-38 had issues with icing, and dives, and as both cold, and diving opponents were prevalent in Europe, it wasn't very well suited to conditions there. Most of the 109 and 190 variants have comparable or better performance in most respects, and because the elevators stopped responding at high speed, if the P-38 got the upper hand, the German fighters could just dive to disengage.
In the Pacific theater, the Japanese fighters tended to rely more on agility, so the Lightning could play to its strengths more, and the nature of the theater demanded much longer ranges than the ETO, which was another major P-38 strength.
On match ups I would like to see, P-47N vrs Yak-3P. The P-47N has a 2,800hp engine, and was more agile than the previous Thunderbolts, due to it's enlarged, clipped wings, but the Yak-3P will turn loops around it if it lets itself get caught in a furball, and will bite hard with 3xB-20's. What makes it more fun is, until about 4km, the Thunderbolt would have only a small edge in max speed. It will be a real battle over who can control the energy fight.
Even a squadron level fight of that would be something to see: the Yak's cannons mean you can't just "drag and bag" the way you can against Zeros, or (to a lesser extent) 109's, but the Yak's construction isn't enough that it can shrug off a hail of heavy MG either.
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