Others things being equal, climb rate is determined by power loading (lb/hp, or kg/cv, the lower the better), and span loading (lb/ft or kg/m, the lower the better). I16 type 28 (M63 engine and cannons, which in my opinion is the type modelled in game as type 24) was far lighter than a Bf 109 E3. Numbers I have (others may differ, but not so much) tell the tale very well: the I16 has a power loading of 1.89 kg per hp; the Emil of 2.27 per hp. Span loading is 203 kg per m for the Polikarpov, and 254 kg per m for the Messerschmitt. Given these numbers, the I16 should climb much better than the 109 at low altitudes (at high altitude supercharger efficiency enters the picture, and the situation could be very different). The I16 should also be better in sustained turn rate.
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