Wow! I was about to make a post about this exact problem.
I am on an ATI card, the screen is totally black, however hitting altf4 brings up the menu dialogue saying "are you sure you wish to quit". After hitting altf4 get the menu options just like in your initial picture.
I, too, have not managed to fix the problem yet, despite launching in various DX versions...
EDIT:
Actions taken so far:
I Changed the Direct X version several times (D3dx09_0 or D3DX10_1 in conf.ini)
I verified local data using steam
I re-installed/downloaded
I deleted all files in my documents under 1C software
I then attempted to run the game in windowed mode by changing the fullscreen line in conf.ini, this was then reset by the game.
I tried to run the game in various resolutions
Backup and delete with steam, to check for erroneous files (SMAA mods etc), none found.
Checked all ATI options in the Catalyst graphics manager
To do:
Force windowed mode using command lines (Couldn't find the right command, is there another way to do this? The game now launches only in pseudo fullscreen)
Questions for OP:
Did you attempt to install any mods recently? I tried to install the SMAA mod around the same time, however I don't think it is related (pretty sure the problem came about before the SMAA mod)
Also, could I get a working Conf.ini off of any of you, it seems like mine remembers values, very annoying.