There's nothing you can do to change 1., it is a law of online gaming. The other people ALWAYS do much more damage much more quickly than you do. 220 seems about right, I usually use lower values of around 150, because I don't fire from far away, but it is personal preference.
2. Most zoomed out, biggest field of vision.
3. Coolie hat.
4. I'm using similar settings for the stick, different stick, though, and I'm using higher settings for rudder, but I'm using the twisting of the stick. In your setup, you'll get 1% rudder deflection for 10% pedal travel, 4% for 20, 9% for 30 and so on. My experience is that I will often need deflection around 50% and this is harder to control with your settings than it is with for instance the settings you use for the other axis'.